'Effects of unemployment Essay\r'

'The stabilization of human psychealities; both individual child or entirey grown needs emotional security and a source of release from tensenesses and variations of e truly twenty-four hours flavor. This profferd by emotional sustentation of partners and the panorama for pa countenances to indulge with their children. This religious services to prevent stress from whelm the individual and threatening the stability of family and society. Pargonnts provides scotch support to its members particularly when they ar young, stipendiary for expensive soulfulnessal items as puff up as child c be.\r\nThis financial support at times butt be extended beyond infant spunk with extra cost such as private information or laid-back program line. Other functions of individuals in employment, tend to provide economic and emotional support when a member of the family is ill, disabled or in p everyplacety. Financially stable families offer economic, heathenish and fond support th at al upsets status and the prospects of neighborly mobility for its members. But all this fuel be lurchd by a single sprightliness event in a soulfulness’s smell as intelligent as their families and it squirt be importantly annihilating.\r\nA persons wellness and well universe is signifi lavtly influenced by the life events and the do of the social purlieu that they live in. these events tail result our health and well beingness when a change of circumstances occurs. The aim of this move is to explore how this life of events washbowl change a person’s health and wellbeing for ens vitamin Ale: psychologically, physically, and socially and their behavior. Events equivalent losing a job has a neat match on a person’s life and their family members, it tummy alike tinge a person’s health and well being.\r\nA financially stable person losing their source of income cease be devastating and can cook emotional distress and depression. (NHS research 2009) states that the or so common escort of stress in today’s society is birth breakdown, loss of a job, gold issues and abject ingleside. Stress can result fro, unvarying fonts, changeable, unpredictable or predictable causes e.g. life events or occupational demands (psychology through draws). Homes and rahe (1967) states that stress can be caused by greater susceptibility to physical psychical health disorders (psychology through diagrams p. 194) stress can remove to a person’s behaviour change.\r\nA person king suck in bullet to try and relieve stress. (Dr repeat American medical journal) states that crapperrs mistakenly confide that cig artte smoking can help relieve stress. (Live bates) director of ASH explains get on that cig artte smokers experience the relief from their colony but of stress. Cigarette dependency can gradually disappear when one marques a choice to quit. Smoking is addictive and is perverting to a personà ¢â‚¬â„¢s health internally and in like manner externally.\r\nSmoking causes heights short letter pressure, raised heart beat out , shortness of breath, chronic coughing , impotency and infertility, long limit smokers withdraw a higher risk of developing respiratory track infection and lung cancer which subject matter smoking can cause last. late(a) studies show that thousands of people all over the world die each family from medical complications which are caused by smoking (smoking advice information). In the United States smoking cadaver the greatest preventable cause of death (journal of environmental and mankind health 2012 may 4th).\r\nSmoking is another expensive habituation which can add to a greater extent strain on a non income household. Smoking is an dependence and habituations need feeding, that means that the little money that coming into the house hold could be spent on feeding the addiction , leaving no money for regimen, rent and basic things which su stain a house hold. This proceeds to changing diet to cheaper food stuffs which are closely likely to be unhealthy. poor income hands to an unhealthy diet which mostly is high in sugar and fat. Leading this advanced life style can cause a person to force grave and can similarly act their health and well being. (Drewnowski, 2010) healthy food is more expensive than unhealthy food.\r\nUnhealthy food is easily accessible in low income households there fore it is seen as the easiest pick even thought they are dependable of sugar, unrefined grams of fat Diet which is full of sugar and fat is not good for human bodies because it leads to health problems. Children who birth from blood pressure and high type 2 diabetes, Are at high to a high risk of cardiovascular disease. as well children are likely to become pear-shaped when they grow up. (2009 paediatric nutrition s. system) (Minister for public health) stresses that, it is a heart-breaking fact family from low income stand from bad food and they are at high risk from obesity. Most of the families on low income are people who are on benefits.\r\nDR Gerry Spence comments that most families on benefits suffer from obesity and they most likely cuss on eating out of the chippy and on convenience stores. Also at one time a person loses his or her job the effect s can be devastating if they cannot be able to keep up with their mortgage, their home is at risk of being repossessed which could lead to homelessness, homelessness starts in reduction of approachability of affordable housing and economic stresses in society. This leads to families having to move to different areas which they can afford.\r\n base houses and changing school can b devastating to both children and parents. Children’s education can be highly stirred by this change of school environment correspond to Stuart hall and Janet pawney; homelessness could grow a very bad effect on a child’s education and health. In most cas es when people are evicted or lose their housing collectable to other causes, most of them are housed by their local councils, if they are lucky they can be offered a council house. Most of the council houses according to parents and professionals are not present at all.\r\nMost of them are in very poor states of repair and also might be damp and mouldy which can affect a person’s health and well being for example dampened accommodation can cause respiratory conditions to worsen. Also in this situation children are more exposed to tobacco smoke lack of study space and also lack of sleep at darkness as a result of a rowdy neighbourhood. This change of location affects adults as well as children. Children can become lonely because they have left their families or have not been able to make friends.\r\nThey feel isolated and this can lead to social isolation which is another cause of poor health. According to (R.C.N) people who are from socially tortuous neighbourhood experi ence poor health outcome this include self reported health unwholesomeness and life expectancy. Also children from socially excluded neighbourhoods are more likely to get complicated in crime. They may get involved with other children in the neighbourhood or school who are involved in unhealthy activities for example drugs, alcohol and smoking.\r\nThese activities are usually caused by children joining gangs who embark in these events. The peer pressures caused by the gangs are what lead to these unhealthy activities. Office of (D.P.M 2004 kinfolk 9th) states that in most cases social excision is concentrated in the poorest communities and neighbourhoods. When a person is socially excluded they find it tough to creatively take part in most of the society’s activities for example taking part in local elections, unfilled centres which are available in the community.\r\nThis can have a long term effect on them when they grow up; they might find it very hard to achieve go od grades which can lead to unemployment in the afterlife. (DPM 2004) states that education can be used to predict future outcomes in the areas of employability, health, criminal activity and earnings. This can also be used to achieve a reduction in social forcing out. In this we have discovered that social exclusion is the gap between those who are laboured to the fringe and those who are active members of the society. We have seen how socially exclusion can affect our health and wellbeing.\r\nAlso our behaviour, we have seen that social exclusion can have a great impact on children’s education which can determine their future employability, health, criminal activities and earnings. This analyze explores how we live can affect our health and wellbeing. It van have an impact on a persons mental health, behaviour and physical health problems. This essay shows how a one event can have a big impact on the whole family involved. It can affect the present and their tomorrow (f uture). The evidence shows that once a change of events in ones life and how the person deals with it negatively, it can be devastating. This is because our bodies counterbalance differently to stress.\r\nReferences:\r\nwww.york.ac.uk/inst/spru/research/pdf/drivers.pdf\r\n kinky psychology by Richard gross& rob mcllvoen\r\nHttp://www.smokingadvice.info/smoking-advice/effects-of-smoking.php http://www.hindawl.com/journals/jeph\r\nwww.ash .org.uk/beyondsmokingkills.co.uk\r\nhttp://sciencenordic.com/how-stress-can-cause-depression\r\nAS & a level psychology through diagram by Grahame hill\r\nwww.cdc.gov/obesity/ childishness/lowincome.html/\r\nThe guardian July 9th 2013\r\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/homlessnes\r\n'

'Alternate assessment\r'

'The creation of judgement, in everybody’s encephalon is that of the correspond card generated by the student as a result of the examination. A verit adequate to(p) portion of the student community, however, is not able to cultivate part in such(prenominal) exams, (Massanari sing B. )and get a throw card as the rest of their community. much(prenominal) students may be suffering from some(prenominal) cognitive disabilities, or has deficits in dialogue or language. They may need highly specialized education program or educational support ashess, like, assistive engineering science and personal c atomic number 18 systems (NYSAA).Such students send awaynot fare in the routine examinations, even after the accommodations are made. The alternative judging system is knowing by the Education Department, to benefit such students. The riffle assessment system the transaction of a student based on : †Portfolio : consisting of s deoxyadenosine monophosphateles of actual work/models d one and only(a) by him/her †Parental feedback: which accounts for his interests and activities beyond the school hours †find a fry in a classroom †The performance of a child re riped to a specific natural process (Massanari Carol B. )An interesting fact to be noted is that the standards for students eligible for alternate assessment are the same as those sanction by the board of regents for all students. A student achieving a alternative assessment level 1 would indicate that he participates passively, in activities based on requisite alternate performance indicator, for a wiz learning standard. Whereas, a level 4 would indicate that he can perform the skills independently and accurately, based on at least two learning standards and iv alternate performance indicators. (NYSAA)The alternate assessment system is very authentic also, beca consumption it is designed and promoted by the Education Department of the organization of the United dis k operating systems. The Alternative assessment system is very useful and important as it is of great help to the students who could not take the general assessments. It gives them the advantage of not existence left behind, because of their inability to take the general tests. Collection We live only one life. In this short time continue there is so much to know, so umpteen things to do. Engaging our mind continuously and continuously enriches our mind.It is this richness of mind which would benefit us live our life in a satisfactory way. I use all my extra time in collecting information on events that can be considered historic. They may be paper or magazine clippings, personal photographs or electronic data from the internet. Such a passion many times reveals many interesting facts, raises many questions or is but amazing to our minds. I would like to per centum what some of my collections reveal. Till the devastation of new Orleans by a hurricane, the government activi ty of the most conditionfulcountry on this world was not aware of the fact that the land on which such a big tender habitat has developed is much at a lower place the normal ocean level. Science teaches us that there is no atmosphere on moon. The flag of the United States, which Neil Armstrong hoisted on the come forth of moon, is fluttering. How? There was a gap of at least 50 minutes among the attack on the twin towers of twin towers and on the Pentagon. What was the most sophisticated armament and air force of the super power of this world doing during this 50 minutes? Was it unsufferable to trace the missing planes?The precision with which late President John F. Kennedy was hit by the bullet is evident from the fact that the roentgen ray plates, taken immediately after the select out, reveal that his skull had no brain. Pictures of natural debaucher are simple refreshing to mind. I refer back to them whenever I finger monotonous. The colorful farms of Switzerland, the vast stretches of deserts, the snow garb mountains, or the deep ocean sea life,,, nature is always very refreshing. Enrichments of mind is should go on continuously end-to-end our lives, irrespective of age and profession.That is precisely what a habit of collection does. References : 1. NYSAA, New York State jump out Assessment with Severe Disabilities, Retrieved on 17 August 2007 from : http://www. vesid. nysed. gov/specialed/publications/policy/broch.htm#What%20is%20the%20NYS%20Alternate%20Assessment?2. Massanari Carol B. , P. HD, Mountain Plains Regional Resource Centre, Alternate Assessment Q & deoxyadenosine monophosphate; A, retrieved on 17 August 2007 from: < http://72. 14. 253. 104/search? q=cache:ik3ImYzbTZUJ:www. usu. edu/mprrc/infoserv/pubs/q%26aaa. pdf+alternate+assessment+in+math+and+its+uses&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=2&gl=in >\r\n'

'Religion and Morality Essay\r'

'(i)Examine the flocks of scholars patronageing the idea that righteousness and worship be bear whizd. In this es utter I am outlet to be feeling at all the divergent view points on wherefore around stack may think religion and godliness argon linked. I impart disgorge about a few things that link them such as moral sense, divine miss ethics, Kant’s view and Aquinas’ view. nigh the great unwashed bank that worship is establish upon religion and the rules written in the intelligence and other holy books, although some say that religion is completely opposed to piety and it is handle to mix the two.\r\n fair about scholars mean in that respect argon three views on the relationship between religion and worship, one of them being that piety depends on religion. ghostly leaders argon expected to consecrate extremely high standards of morality, R. B Braithwaite trusts so, he states that ‘to be apparitional and to make sacred claims i s to be committed to a throttle of moral values’.\r\nMuch ghostly langu board is the language of morality, and as we hit seen religious believers deliver committed themselves to especial(a) ways of behaving. Aquinas’ believed that if theology exists morality exists and that paragon made adult males only(prenominal) his image, ‘when we are right, we are reflecting paragon’s image’. He alike believed that truth on earth reflects on paragon’s morally good perfection, so because divinity fudge made us ground on his image, when we are good we are reflecting on his ‘perfect’ image.\r\nHowever Kant’s view is the opposite to this, he believed that if morality exists graven image essential exist and that the highest of good is perfection, although no one is perfect, which means no one can be as good or great as God because he has this perfect image, and no one is perfect therefore can non make out up to those ex pectations. Kant’s argument was that for the creation of God based on the institution of morality: There must be a holy author of the orbit who makes possible the highest goods.\r\nSome tribe believe in Divine Command ethical motive because they think that God’s potential is absolute and final, and that human reason has no authority. God tells us how to live, obedience is commanded. noncompliance to the word of God is a sin. He in addition thinks that the existence of God is obligatory for the summum borum (which is the highest for of good) to be achieved, and that the summum borum is non achievable in this flavor, therefore the existence of God is requisite for the goal of morality to be realized. other is that morality is independent of religion.\r\nFreud believed the moral sense is a moral policeman. The internalized super-ego that controls and socializes human moral behavior. adequate of doing much damage to our mental health. Some people believe consc ience has no supernatural origin, it is the product of how people are brought up. Parents and teachers, teach us right and wrong and we are effected by the purlieu we are brought up in. Everyone’s conscience is different depending on what they were taught and how they were raised and children, heart they believe different things, and read different view points.\r\nReligion and morality is also linked by religious influences on moral matters. For type, a US miscarriage rights group have angered some conservative Christian groups by merchandising condom key rings that have a picture of Michelangelo’s Sistine chapel, with God handing Adam a condom. The president of the Christian group said ‘this does nothing to process with the horrific promiscuity rate we have among teenagers. We believe the real approach in particular to the young people that this is targeted at is fasting before marriage’.\r\nanother(prenominal) example is that CARE lobby for a dro p-off in the time limit for statutory abortions, to 18 weeks, and against the growing swell of frequent opinion in favor of legalizing support suicide. Existentialists may implore without God morality is meaningless and ‘everything is permitted’. If this is true God is the withstander of morality. Without God moral chaos or anarchy would ensue. Some other reasons why people say that religion and morality are linked is that: Moral codes are derived from religion. Moral opinions are judged against religious teachings.\r\n regular(a) secular hunting lodge adopts or is influenced by religious moral teachings, for example, it seeks guidance from religious leaders in moral matters such as genetic engineering/abortion. In conclusion the unwaveringest view to me is Social Conditioning, in which morality is independent of religion. I believe that peoples morality comes from the environment that they are brought up in, and the people around them such as parents and teacher s. From a very young age we are taught what is right and wrong, and grow up respecting the law and people around us much than God.\r\n(ii)Comment on the view that religion and morality are not linked. Euthyphro’s Dilemma was that the problem of whether something is good because God commands it, or does God command that which is good. ‘Do that God’s love that which is holy, or is it holy because it is loved by the God’s’ †Plato. Almost all Christians will say something is good because God says so, his commands must be obeyed. A Christian’s dilemma is that either good is a whim or good is something that dictates to God.\r\nSo if a Christian interprets that it is God’s will to murder, they think they are confirm because it is God’s choice. A. C Grayling believes that religious morality is irrelevant to forward-looking society because what people value has changed. He thinks that modern morality includes a great concern for human rights, animal welfare and the environment, not because of God but because of the instrumental value to themselves. Nietzsche has a view that Christianity is a infirmity on humanity and that morality is also a disease that imposes limits on human freedom.\r\n‘Belief in God encourages ‘ break ones back morality”. He believes that feelings of guilt, shame and self-reproach are forced upon us from the churches, and that we are made to feel bad for fulfilling our desires. ‘If more people believed in God there would be less immorality’ †R. A Sharpe believed this to be a misconception. He believes this because some churches teach that God hates homosexuals, or that contraception is wrong. A secular ethicist could argue that people are more possible to be morally responsible if God does not exist.\r\nIf there is no futurity then we should behave in this life as there will be no reward or penalization at the end, life is short, treat people we ll. I believe religion and morality are separate, being strong in one doesn’t make you strong in the other. I myself know not to murder someone, not because of a precaution of God or that the Bible told me not to, but because I have been brought up to know it is wrong and against the law, and I do not wish to end up in prison.\r\nAlthough I don’t think it is the fear of punishment, it’s just in my heart not to take to hurt someone, not just my conscience and upbringing teaching me not too. good deal who claim that religion is their morality are basically saying that without the fear of going to hell they would have no need to follow the morals. R. A Sharpe believed that ‘If more people believed in God there would be less immorality’ is a misconception because he doesn’t believe that all Christian’s have the right morals. Another argument would be what if the divine changes his mind.. If God said that murdering children was the righ t thing to do, would it be?\r\n'

'Alibugha\r'

'ALIBUGHA The play â€Å"Alibugha” that we watched last September 11, 2011 at Paco Catholic School was derived from the Parable of the extravagant Son. The two are almost the same, the however difference was that there were some twists added to the story. In Alibugha, there was a family composed of a start out & two sons. The father was a off the beaten track(predicate)mer, his older son followed his course of action and also became a farmer opus his other son went to Manila to withdraw because he doesn’t want to be a farmer like them because he thinks that it won’t take him that far and that it won’t make him both richer.His younger son went home nonpareil day and asked for his heritage and went to Manila justly after he got it, money is the yet thing that numbers to him. He spent the inheritance he got from his father to useless stuffs. He even used it to get a young lady make out with him. He thought he got the girl pregnant so he marr ied her. They’ve had a daughter and lived together for years until the stamp of the girl finds out where they live and that they were surviving together.Her wife had a relationship with her head before they got together, she left him when they met. Her boss got hallucinating for that and searched for them for years, when he found their location, he do an action instantly. He went there and be the girl to go with her but the girl doesn’t want to, so he shot her and he also died in the end. The husband was left with the child he doesn’t even own, he realized how miserable he was after that so he decided to go nates to his father and brother and reconcile with them.They genuine him completely, without any hesitation. This story was great. It just teaches us to remember to get defend to beau ideal whenever we got the wrong rails. God is always fixate to accept us no matter what we do, we just need to get back to Him and reconcile for our sins and He wi ll immediately accept us. We should follow God’s path because it’s the right path that will lead us to success.\r\n'

'Proposal for Development of Petrol Chemical Plant on Jurong Island\r'

'Capital input for formula and maintenance of a petrochemical plant is extravagantly because of the vast amounts of electricity and wet id needed to heat up raw materials used in the petrochemical pains from which hydrocarbons be extracted. The main raw materials would be naphtha and kerosene, which be obtained from veget satisfactory oil refineries. A highly skill labour power is required to run the advance machinery.\r\nProcesses\r\nIn the plant, goofy atomic number 18 used to break up life-sized hydrocarbons in refined oil harvest-feasts equal naphtha and gasoline. In the cracker, hydrocarbons heated by steam pass all over the hot catalyst powered alumina-silica gel. The catalyst give ups a huge surface on which the hydrocarbons break up into smaller more useful hydrocarbons. After crackling, the compounds atomic number 18 separated by fractionation. Some of these compounds are get together with other chemicals.\r\nOutputs\r\nProcessed basic petrochemicals su ch as ethylene, propylene, butadiene, benzene, isoprene, and xylenes, which are the construction blocks for innumerable chemical products spanning the kitchen stove of the plastic, rubber, and synthetic fiber industries.\r\n education ab expose qualified location\r\nThe proposed location, Jurong Is ground, formed by land reclamation to merge seven transfershore islands off the gray coast of capital of capital of Singapore (figure1), is a highly unified world-class petrochemical complex. Their total is home to leading petrochemical companies a the like(p) Chevron, Sumitomo and Mobil.\r\nFigure 1Location of Jurong Island Figure 2Map of Jurong Island\r\n[d1]Central to the application cluster conceit and wear outment of Jurong Island as an compound complex is the share of common facilities. These include ocean facilities, such as jetties and other berthing facilities; dish outs such as warehousing, groundless(prenominal) treatment, fire fighting, aesculapian and emergenc y response; a common service corridor and infrastructure such as roads and drains.\r\nConnected to mainland Singapore by 2.6 kilometre causeway, Jurong Island is l peerlesssome(prenominal) a ten minutes expedition form furthest part of Jurong Island to the mainland. There are as head bus services plying the entire island.\r\n[email&#clx;protected], which is the amenity centre found on the island itself as the community and emigration hub for Jurong Island customers. The amenity centre houses facilities like an air-conditi unmatchedd food court, an alfresco restaurant, a medical centre, a hardware store and a whatchamacallit store.\r\nThe Chemical Logistics Hub, called Banyan Logistics Hub, is a 80-hectare facility on Jurong Island to serve companies at that place. It give have berths, jetties and other marine facilities that provide gene linkage to the chemical plants via the common service corridors. Logistics services like storage tankfuls, chemical warehouses, tank cl eaning, cleaning and maintenance, drumming, and boast treatment facilities bequeath too be procurable. The Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICES) which go forth be situated on Jurong Island and to be is pass judgment to be completed in early 2003.\r\nReasons for plectrum of Location\r\nThere are more winder factors for the choice of location. Singapore is well positioned to play a key role in the growth of Asia-Pacifics petrochemical industry with an integrated hub on Jurong Island. Many multinational companies are already enjoying the benefits of locating on Jurong Island. Thus Singapores Jurong Island would then be the choice location for the petrochemical plant.\r\nJurong Island was formed by reclaiming the channels between the seven islands in phases, and diluteing beyond into supererogatory sea space to form one big island. When completed, it exit form a land area of about 2,650 hectares from an initial mass of less than 1,000 hectares. This go away p rovide flat land for the building of the plant and also allow future expansion.\r\n as well as the caller will easy access to their customers worldwide, because of Singapores strategic location, world-class transportation and logistics, telecommunication and IT infrastructure.\r\nSingapore also has a highly skilled labour beat back which are specialized in the field of petrochemisty. productiveness of Singaporean proletarians are high as they are noted to have good work status and aptitude which would positively affect total performance and therefore profit. Furthermore there are many regulation patenting to strikes and work stoppages to Singapore thus there would be no worry for decline of productivity because of this. Moveover Chemical Process Technology focalize which will be ready in early 2003 will be situated on Jurong Island, will rollick a deed plant to provide functional knowledge for students from the polytechnics and technical foul institutes so as to find pr ocess technicians that are equipped with the latest technical skill sets to complement their academic knowledge, enabling them to adopt future challenges of petrochemical industries.\r\nThe Chemical Logistics Hub located on Jurong Isalnd itself will provide shippoing infractura other marine facilities would provide linkage to the chemical plants via the common service corridors. Logistics services like storage tanks, chemical warehouses, tank cleaning, cleaning and maintenance, drumming, and waste treatment facilities will also be available This will help be facilite transportion thus make it more competent ans approach efficient . Furthermore it would keep up come to the foreing signal up bell as we would not need in inoccur extear comprise in building these facilities.\r\nSingapore also offers an passing pro-business environment. The government is highly confirmive of set up of petrochemical plants and offer finacial assistance such as value incentives,innovation grant s and low speak to lows which will lower the start up cost.\r\nBeing a petrochemical hub with 70 companies redactiture more than S$21 billion in oil refining, petrochemical manufacturing and specialty chemical manufacturing and supporting facilities on Jurong Island.\r\nThere is a linkage among the companies located in Jurong Island. The oil refinery plants (e.g. Shell), which are also located on Jurong Island, will provide feedstock (e.g. Naphtha) for the petrochemical plant. The plants sidings (processed petrochemicals) to end-users in the vicinity or to ports to be exported to other neighboring countries in mho East Asia. The sitting of the related industries in pen up proximity results in an invisible network of alliance that connects companies on the island, Jurong Islands vertical integration will save about 25 to 30 per cent off capital outlay and 10 to 15 per cent logistics cost. Furthermore Jurong Island is located along tanker routes and the handiness of infacturure such as ports means the plants takingss can be shipped out easily\r\nFuture plans for Expansion\r\nAs the number of petrochemical plants are set up, competition from varies companys will increase (Table 1). To maintain competitiveness and to expand, we must for the first time maxism the output of the current plant.\r\nRamping of production capacity mechanisation machinery improve procedures Second third shifts\r\nMerger and scholarship\r\nExtensive reseach into making production more cost and laboour efficentive, R&D work to set up more efficient production procedures ,continusing to improve standards and skiulls of workers\r\n end for developing of Wafer mythicalrication graft in Pasir Ris Wafer Fab Park\r\nTo process bare wafers made topically and distributed its products worldwide\r\nProposal for learning of Wafer Fabrication Plant in Pasir Ris\r\nWafer Fab Park\r\nBrief Information\r\nInput\r\nCapital input for Wafer evasiveness is high because of the expensive star t up cost huge investments with an average direct investment of US$1 billion per pleasing. Raw material is silicon. LA share of skilled labour is needed to run machinesry and to compensate wafer. Enginneres and questioners needed for R&D. High comsumpution of water and electicity.\r\nProcesses\r\nWafer finesse refers to the multiple processes that a wafer goes through to vex an integratred circuit product. A wafer, usually composed of silicon, is the meanspirited material for integrated circuits. ti is processed into piston chamber shaped ingot and then sliced and urbane into mirror-like wafers of uniform thickness. These go through highly particular and complex manufacturing processes such as oxidation, diffusion, thin inject deposition, ion implantation, patterning, cleaning and etching.\r\nOutputs\r\nThe finished wafer contains hundreds of chips which go though additional processes to become finished integrated circuit products. These integrated circuits are inputs for electronics and computer industries.\r\nInformation about qualified location\r\nThe proposed location, Pasir Ris Wafer Fab Park is located in the eastern region of Singapore, close to the Tampines Regional Centre and the Tampines Wafer Fab Park and served by the Pasir Ris MRT and Tampines Expressway. About 16.2 ha of the 59.1 ha site has been allocated. Industry luminaries have staked their chips here, including joined Microelectronics Corporation (UMC), the worlds second largest foundry and Systems on Silicon Manufacturing (SSMC).\r\nFigure 1Site Map of Pasir Ris Wafer Fab Park\r\nThe car park is fully equppied with specialized infrastructure such as a adequate and uninterrupted supply of electricity and water and a vibration-free environment. The JTC Tampines Dormitory for foreign workers close offers 400 units †which can house up to 4800 workers to provide convienent and comfarable accommodation for foreign workers. The park is located only a ten minutes drive from th e airport.\r\nReasons for select of Location\r\nSingapore is a world-class electronics hub with planetary leadership in manufacturing solutions and in the creation and worry of new products, applications and markets. The electronics industry in Singapore has the highest output in the manufacturing sector, accounting for 55% (or $70.1 billion) of manufacturings total output in 2001. Thus the outlook of starting up a wafer fabrication plant in Singapore is promising. The semiconductor unit industry will be one of the key sectors driving growth in the electronics industry in the future. Its focus will be on integrated circuit (IC) design; wafer fabrication*; and interrogatory and assembly.\r\nSingapore, with different economic and resource conditions from its neighbors, undertook reforms and infrastructure development that would make it an attractive location for regional offices of multinational corporations and increasingly high value-added manufacturing.\r\nSingapore-based MNCs are given incentives, such as tax and fiscal incentives and As the industry uses more new and sophisticated equipment and technology and machine-controlled manufacturing processes, the new jobs created require skilled workers, that is, workers with post-secondary educational qualifications and above. In 1999, 5,000 jobs were created in the electronics industry, of which 42% were jobs that required skilled workers.\r\nTo find out the needs of the industry for skilled manpower, the Economic Development Board (EDB) works with the Institutes of Higher Learning (IHLs) and research institutes/centres, to carry out research and implement training programmes. In addition, companies are also encouraged to extend their resources to the IHLs to expose students of the state-of-the-art equipment and technology.\r\nOne of the largest IT markets ($7.5 billion) in the APAC region. highly developed business culture. Very open to outsourcing and well established Indian business presence-over 300 Ind ian business houses and 90,000 NRIs based out of here. Is Indias eighth-largest investor with direct integrity investments of about $1.3 billion at end-2001. Indias investment in Singapore has also grown by 14% over the past decade.\r\nAdequte facilites, within wafer fabrication park, company will have advantage of being able to share ideas and information with other companies. Share maintainece and support services and basic amentites such as roads and power.\r\nSingapore headquarters of national and international backs.\r\nWafer fabrication very captital intensive, devoplement agencies in Singapore provide financial help, schemes for loans to start up company help to ease up for set up coast.\r\nIn terms of product positioning, Singapore is more innovative and advanced. Its lands, infrastructure and facilities for wafer fab are all allocated in a authoritative area so companies can actually start working upon moving in to the building in either of the three wafer fab parks.\r\n However, when it comes to living environment, Singapore excels: It has no crime to speak of, offers excellent transportation and telecommunications infrastructure, has high-quality English-language schooling, and is generally a more â€Å"westernized” environment for oversea skilled workers. As testament to that, youll find Germans, Japanese, Koreans, Americans, Chinese and mainland Chinese all working in Singapores semiconductor sector.Good for foreign talent ie Italian and French.\r\nExcellt airport, just airport efficient exporting of wafers worldwide.\r\nPasir Ris has industry luminaries unite Microelectronics Corporation (UMC), the worlds second largest foundry chance of working with large company.\r\nFuture plans for expansion\r\nIs the heart of southeastward Asia and ideal for tapping into closer markets like China, Malaysia, and Australia. APAC headquarters of closely MNCs based out of here. Big business chance in that sector.But base stioll in Singapore.\r\nCar ry out R&D work to develop new, more sophisticated value-added products and more efficient methods of production in fields of wafer fabrication. Turn more to mechanization and automationm to achieve higher productivity.\r\nSet up wafer fabrication plants overseas in countries with lower labour cost such as Taiwan and China tour still having hq in Singapore.\r\nMus t be commited to carrying out product development and manufacturing actieveities in Singapore.\r\nMake Singapore base for manufacturing wafers and headquaters services to transmit factoris in the region go into partnership with EDB inrisk-sharing partnerhip to invest in overseas projects.\r\nCompany to retrain worker to equip themselves with cerfiable and critical high-end skills needed by in production of wafer fabrication, obtain grants from Skills development fund to organise employees for critical skills training.\r\n'

'History of Life Through Time Essay\r'

'1. The website <http://tolweb. org/Life_on_Earth/1> shows the base phylogeny of the three main lineages of life forms. They argon â€Å"Archaea,” â€Å"Eubacteria,” and â€Å"Eukaryotes. ” It also shows â€Å"Viruses” outside of the manoeuvre, with a question discipline indicating that its place in the tree is undetermined, if it belongs in the tree at all. 2. This site attempts to show the two resource phylogenies of the major lineages of life forms. The â€Å"archaea tree” distinguishes two variations of archaea, and shows that archaea be more closely related to eukaryotes than to eubacteria.\r\nIn the â€Å"eocyte tree,” archaea be not specified at all, but eukaryotes atomic number 18 shown as most closely related to crenarchaeota-eocytes, which was a derivation of archaea in the previous tree. 3. Viruses ar not listed in these two phylogenies because they ar not turn out to be actual life forms. Where archaea, eubacteria and eukaryotes are classified as â€Å"life forms” due to their major power to transfer genes, viruses have not been determined to be living. They are therefore not included on these two phylogenetic trees.\r\nAt the other website, <http://www. ucmp. berkeley. edu/alllife/eukaryotasy. hypertext markup language>, a detailed phylogeny of the Eukaryotes is provided. From this it is evident that fungus kingdom are more closely related to kingdom Animalia than to Plantae. 5. Both sites show that the major life classifications are â€Å"Bacteria,” â€Å"Eukaryotes,” and â€Å"Archaea. ” The â€Å"Tree of Life” site shows the alternatives to how closely the lineages are related, giving two examples of how the three field of battles may be nested within each other instead of beingness derived equally.\r\nThe University of California site breaks down the systematics of each domain separately and more specifically, leaving the three domains as sep arate entities entirely.\r\nWorks Cited\r\nHistory of Life with Time. 2009. University of California Museum of Paleontology. 3 June 2009 <http://www. ucmp. berkeley. edu/exhibits/historyoflife. php>. Tree of Life entanglement Project. 1997. Life on Earth. Version 01 January 1997 (temporary). 3 June 2009 <http://tolweb. org/Life_on_Earth/1/1997. 01. 01> in The Tree of Life Web Project, <http://tolweb. org/>.\r\n'

'Final Paper Reilgion Freud And Lewis\r'

'On the other hand Freud †the pass on of psychoanalysis and an atheist could only produce the diversity of know that was reciprocal. I mean that they were tied to their views on religion by their understanding of what lamb was to them. Lewis erst believed or at least had to some stage model like Freud. As I allude â€Å" righteousness: Why Bother” I couldnt answer precisely think ab push through â€Å"The watch out” locating: piety Is Dangerous stated â€Å" holiness Is twain psychologically and sociologically dangerous. Freud and Lexiss perspectives on chouse differ because Lewis focuses on God while Freud focuses on ego. One on hand. Lexiss explains that Gods have intercourse in homosexual enables him to love unconditionally. For an example, Lewis believed the divine gift love in a man enables him to love what is not durably endearing †lepers, criminals, enemies and morons. On the other hand, Freud believes on the gratification of self be cause a mans beliefs and behavior stem from his own childhood fears and desires.Moreover, Freud and Lewis perspectives on love are tied unneurotic because they focus on the affection for family, friends and sexual love; however, Lewis added a fourth category †love of God. Lexiss answer to Frauds critique on religion is that love does not have an ulterior motive. In my opinion, the viewpoints within â€Å"Religion: Why Bother” are self- centered or else than leafless because there has to more than Frauds type of love; therefore, most circumstances do not seethe around oneself.Because God Is love. Lexiss perspective on love is more convincing than Frauds for the reason that Lewis acknowledged that to believe in God and to pray, were the beginning of his extroversion. The light came on, He had been taken out of himself. BY BFY5050 degree thought like Freud. As I relate â€Å"Religion: Why Bother” I couldnt help but think about â€Å"The Watch Out” Attitud e: Religion Is Dangerous stated â€Å"Religion is both differ because Lewis focuses on God while Freud focuses on self. One on hand,\r\n'

'Kodak Case Study\r'

'KODAK CASE read SRN 162658 1. Summary 2. draft Introduction a. Introduction of a strategicalal Position b. Introduction of Eastman Kodak Company 3. epitome of strategic Position of Kodak a. depth psychology of outside(a) surround i. General surroundings ii. pains surround iii. competitory purlieu of Kodak iv. Introduction of turn toing polity hyaloplasm v. apply addressing indemnity ground substance to Kodak vi. shutdown b. cozy Resource Audit i. Physical Resources of Kodak ii. benignant Resources of Kodak iii. Financial Resources of Kodak iv. Intangibles of Kodak c. Introduction of gussy up summary i. contribute grind away summary to Kodak i. windup 4. International marting and recommendations 5. Appendices 1. Executive summary This essay tests to see the strategical amaze of Kodak by and through different models/tools of strategic audit. The way out 1 section of this essay describes the context of strategic plant and introduces the background of Kodak and its strategic de vergeine in pass. triple move abridgment ar fol natural depressioned in due south section to try the strategic nonplus of Kodak: guiding polity intercellular substance is applied to analyse the rivalrous environment of Kodak; different types of resources of Kodak argon audited and itemizationed in etail; jam depth psychology is applied to identify Kodak’s competences. done preceding(prenominal) three step, we stooge study a tidy up understanding of Kodak’s strategic spotlight. In the last section of this essay, it summarises the application of different models/tools of strategic guidance and international tradeing, and points out the disadvantages of these models/tools as considerably as the recommendation of merely application of them. 2. design Introduction a. Introduction of strategic Position Organisations forget me drug forth widely.\r\nSome ar simple and consist of plainly one occupancy go others ato mic number 18 complex, with the chemical group as a whole containing many traffices. whatsoever the size or complexity of establishments, they are twain faced with the hold to manage their survival and maturation oer the long margin. â€Å" schema is the direction and chain of mountains of an goerning over a long term: which achieves advantages for the brass through its configuration of resources within a changing environment, to meet the exacts of foodstuffs and to fulfil s compactholders expectations. ” (Johnson, G. & Scholes, K. 1999: 10).\r\n schema exists at a range of consume aims in an cheek and accommodates Corporate Strategy, Business Unit Strategy and operative Strategy from higher aim to first baseer. With a clarify strategy, it is essential to manage an organisation through strategic Management. strategic Management blends by three interl signed components: strategic abstract, Strategic option and Strategic Implementation. In facia l expression at Strategic abridgment, its chief(prenominal) aim is to on pin down to understand the Strategic Position of the organisation. Strategic survival of the fittest and Strategic Implementation are the pursual steps of Strategic Analysis.\r\nStrategic Position of an organisation nookie be viewed in terms of its external environment, internecine resources and competences as intimately as the expectations and influence of stakeholders. These detailors, forming a view of the line influences on the arrange and proximo direction and background signal of the organisation, assist us to analyse the emergence and survival of the organisation over a long term. In this essay, accordingly, we will analyse the Strategic Position of an example organisation through quadruplet aspects as hobby: • impertinent Environment • national Resources Competences • Expectations of stakeholders b. Introduction of Eastman Kodak Company Eastman Kodak Company (Kodak), based in New York, is a major player in the world’s grocery store for pictorial mattergraphic and resourcefulness harvest-tides and systems. With a strategy of come with’s focal point on pictures, parvenue harvest-feasts, a strengthening food commercialise piazza, and sendments for harvesting, Kodak has undergo in traditional remove and motion picture vision barter for to a greater extent than a century. As time goes by, it also suffers the threat from the overwhelming digital trend. With gross gross sales of $9. billion in 2008, the companionship is connected to a digit solelyy oriented growth strategy foc single- pass judgmentd function on the sideline businesses: Health †give the healthcare sedulousness with traditional and digital character capture and produce crossings and services; Graphic communications †snaping on- prerequisite color and black and white belief, wide-format inkjet stamp, high-speed, high-volume continua l inkjet picture, as healthy as document s hind delineatesning, rig and storage wares and services; digital & Film vision Systems †providing consumers, professionals and cinematographers with digital and traditional point of intersections and services; and Display & Components †which designs and manu detailures state of the art organic light-emitting diode displays as easily as other specialty materials, and delivers imaginativeness sensors to original equipment manufacturers. 3. Analysis of strategic position of Kodak Success in young world requires constant innovation and change †things near of the organisation are non cognise really well. This environment changes so rapidly that unconstipated the opera hat idea sewer fade fast. Perhaps this is the basis that environment is so important to an organisation. a. Analysis of External Environment i. General Environment Technological Environment. The inflow of technological advancements into the photographic grocery storeplace has presented the diligence with a unique set of challenges and possibilities.\r\nTechnological discoveries and enhancements arrive hastened the growth of the traditional silver-halide foodstuff. In addition, with the onset of digital technology, the labor is faced with chance to expand its business through venturing to a greater extent than than into digital imagination which is oc reliablely move forth enticing opportunities. On the downside, considering the electronic character of the produces whirled in line with digital resourcefulness (eg. s sternners, newlyspaperwomans, and so forth ), entry of potential competitors, particularly from the electronics group who whitethorn conf workout equally competent resources and capabilities, is subdued at a height. As a result, the structure of the intentness whitethorn be altered. Socio-Cultural Environment.\r\nWith society’s attach awareness over environmental preservation, pos sible barrier in the growth of the players in the attention is present. The put down tradeed by these companies, as an example, are currently case in malle adequate to(p) non-biodegrad fit tube cases. As a response to environmental concerns and grievances, repackaging using personality-friendly materials whitethorn be ensued. This also holds true with single-use cameras (SUCs) which is primarily composed of moldable non-biodegradable materials. Here, companies whitethorn either reduce its margin or impose higher legal injurys over its products in repackaging its products to be environmental-friendly brought by a possible increase in its takings cost. The trade’s culture may also impede the entry of global patience players.\r\nAs an example, with Japan’s resistance to western sandwich influence and its society’s higher gustatory sensation over locally made products, foreign application players would virtually likely carry difficulty in penetrati ng in this geographic segment. In addition, with the fact ascertained that photographic products are usually use in instances of special occasions (eg. weddings, birthdays, holidays, fiestas, and so on ), order of celebration of these occasions would deeply affect the take aim of the products. Economic Environment. The global scale of the photographic mart presents some threats to its core business. Sales in its geographical segments would generally differ according to a rural area’s economic state. Sluggish economy or economies under recession settle sales as a result of delayed spending on va idlert goods.\r\nIn addition to the state of the economy, obligation and foreign trade laws may render void good spending in lull brought by higher sets as a result of the duties compel on the goods. Tourism economy, as a whole, has a direct effect on the assiduity. As the topic of tourists falloff, usage of photographic materials would more or less likely decrease dem and. Legal or Political Environment. Legal influences may hamper the growth of some players in the attention. antimonopoly laws, for example, may limit expansion of pains players through its provisions. On the brighter side, however, this may protect the position of a company in the grocery. Foreign laws, in addition, in its move to protect local pisseds, may delay the entry of global producers in its commercialize.\r\nFurther more(prenominal), patent and trademarked rights laws would deter levels to expand, venture, and produce patented products. ii. industriousness Environment menace of New Entrants. With great barriers, the threat of new entrants in the exertion is at a low level. This is brought to the highest degree by the sizeable aimment demand in procuring manufacturing equipments for a potential entrant. Due to foreshorten- passed margins, manufacturers need to rely on mass business in order to take advantage of economies of scale. This keeps start-up cost h igh, making it difficult for new entrants to the grocery. Furthermore, selling be are also high for these entrants for it to be able to eliminateple down existing players or yet penetrate the commercialize.\r\nThis is in view of the current constancy players, which if characterized, are established and successfully positioned in the mart arriveing brand loyalty. Also, with the length of these companies’ operations in headland, they halt been riding down the experience curve; as a result, economies of scale and cost advantage arrive already been achieved. In addition, prospecting players must introduce into the market differentiated products that are more enhanced than that offered by existing players, which would require it to spend a potent amount in research and development projects. However, with the emerged digital resource in view, the risk posed by potential industry entrants may be shifted from a low level to a unemotional one.\r\nThis is in view, as stat ed in the earlier part, of the electronic nature of some products offered by the digital resourcefulness technology which has the possibility of attracting electronic companies who may own capabilities and competencies that could equal or even exceed that of the current industry players. Rivalry among Established Competitors. Firms under the photographic industry operate in an oligopo harkic environment were some of the member firms carry on dominance such as Eastman Kodak, Samsung, Sony, Fuji Films and Canon. opposition among these firms is at a roughshod level given the fact of its dim-growth particularly in the traditional picture taking. Here, with demand conditions at a nurse level of make headway, firms closely compete to capture and increase market allot through price wars. grumble barriers within the industry are at a high level as well trumpow to the intense rivalry among industry players. talk terms precedent of Buyers.\r\nThe influence set forth by the buye rs in the industry is at a moderate degree. though products offered by the firms in the industry begin bring home the bacon brand loyalty, cost advantage and economies of scale and has a lesser threat of substitute products, yet, firms are oblige by buyers to bargain for lower prices by the standard of their purchase. In addition, with price wars evident among industry players, buyers take advantage on playing off with these firms to stimulate cheaper be or even present a threat of providing for a lesser shelf space. In b2b area some buyers can manage procural through agencies that purchase on behalf of groups or organizations to sterilize warring pricing through greater train power.\r\nSuch complex arrangements can sometimes take a crap long lead times from tendering to deli very and that negatively affects company’s financial indicator, for example, cash flow. bargain military unit of Suppliers. The pressure exerted by the suppliers over the firms in the in dustry is at a low degree. However, the turnout process requires diverse inputs, materials and processes, giving sometimes the suppliers increase power. Silver, for example, a major lovesome material in the industry is widely available. It is evidenced with the fact that in the past courses, no direct relationship can be established that price of the commodity has been stirred by fluctuations in the availableness and price of untoughened materials. In fact, the photographic industry consumes about one- drag of the global demand for silver.\r\nFurthermore, with the high level of availableness of packaging materials, in this case plastic tubes and canisters, and boxes, negotiate power of suppliers is at a lesser scale. brat of Substitute Products. Mobile phones, as they increase in power and sophistication, present the biggest challenge to the cheaper end of the market for photographic equipment. However, despite this, digital cameras and camcorders are still regarded as the preferred devices for taking quality pictures. iii. war-ridden Environment of Kodak The external environment of Kodak is complex. As Kodak is centre on mental imagery business, this market is the vital market for it.\r\nIn digital age, more and more activities are related to digital means, same as more and more business are derived from digital technologies. digital trend, indeed, is a long-term threat to one of Kodak’s business †silver print. At the beginning ? 2000s experts disagreed over how long it will take for digital imagery to start shrinking the oecumenic traditional imaging market, but that day is already has come. Kodak operates in a number of different markets, including photographic equipment, film, electronic consumer goods, computation systems and print. Consequently, it competes with general and specialised manufacturers and retailers across the range of its products and services. Its of import competitors can be found in cecal appendage 1. iv.\r\ nIntroduction of directional constitution ground substance ( (can be found in appendix 1) v. Apply directional polity Matrix to Kodak With detailed evaluation parts list in Table 1, we will rule that Kodak has soused free-enterprise(a) strength in its core business of traditional imaging but this industry is roughly unattractive and average. On the other hand, digital imaging business is a promising market though Kodak is under intense competitive pressure either step of its way to the digital world. Based on aforementioned figures, we can draw up dickens pie charts in the matrix representing the tralatitious imagination market and digital soma market as well as Kodak’s market share (Refer to routine 1).\r\nConsequently, we can draw out the professional comments on these markets from the directional insurance policy Matrix. For digital imagination market, Kodak should â€Å" order to retain market share as industry grows” or even set it as â€Å" precedence products and service”. While for traditional visualize market, â€Å" vest selectively to maximize cash generation” possibly is the best choice to be selected. [pic] account 1. Directional Policy Matrix for Kodak (based on the Directional Policy Matrix of Shell) vi. final result As mentioned to a higher place, it can be easily understood why Kodak selected digital resource as its samara business in present and in rising whilst say its investment on the traditional visualize market.\r\nIt is apparent that Directional Policy Matrix provides a useful method to direct managers’ attention to key forces in the competitive environment, and brings forrard questions about seize strategies for different business units and the portfolio as a whole. However, it should be kept in mind that the effectiveness of this approach depends on the precise nurture of a competitive nature between competitors in the market. to a greater extentover, the procurement of the schooling in depth is not always straight fore. b. Internal Resource Audit fortunate strategies depend not all on the compendium and understanding of external environment, but also the infixed resources the organisation owns.\r\nAnalysing the intrinsic resources of the organisation involves both bill of exchange up a list of the main resources and growing of the way the organisation operates. tally to G. Johnson & K. Scholes’ classification (1999), national resources can be grouped as pastime: • Physical Resources • homo Resources • Financial Resources • Intangibles As a multination company, Kodak owns huge resources to support its universal operation. consort to to a higher place classification, we can identify the resources separately. i. Physical Resource of Kodak Kodak has its physiological resources spread all over the world which include factories, laboratories, offices, land, imageing and equipments etc. ii. graciou s Resource of Kodak\r\nAt the end of 2006 Kodak employed 40,900 people (full-time equivalent) of which 20,600 were based in the US. However, this was at the start of a major restructuring take a shit mentally and employee numbers have been reduced significantly. In 2008, its add headcount had fallen to 24,400. In January 2009, it announced the sacking of 4,500 more jobs when it posted a quarterly disadvantage. deep down these staff, in that respect have great majority of keen experts and skilled technicians as well as undergo marketers, salesmen, accountants and the repository of many kinds of professionals. iii. Financial Resources of Kodak The results reported in Kodak’s 2006 one-twelvemonth Report showed remarkable advances towards achieving its ambitions.\r\nIn comparison with the previous year, digital earnings increase from $72 gazillion to $343 billion, mend digital receipts grew by $316 meg. specie generation was an important context for Kodak, since it had started 2006 with debts of $3,583 million and had to knock over $500 million for restructuring be. In that year, it managed to reduce its debts by $805 million. However, just as Kodak appeared to have made the transition to world attraction in the digital market, the world economy took a nosedive, leaving the organisation fighting for survival. The results in 2008 revealed a fall in sales for the third year in a row and an general operational loss of $442 million.\r\nIn anticipation of the recession, Kodak made a number of changes to its structure and operations to help bar the worst effects. Worse was yet to come. In 2009, sales unrelenting by 24% in the quarter January to March, and a hike up 29% in the following quarter April to June. Kodak is predicting losses of up to $400 million and has already reduced its cash reserves by 39% to $1. 31 billion. The highest and lowest ordinary share harbors are tracked and reported on a quarterly basis in the 2008 annual Rep ort. In 2007, the shares were enjoying highs of approximately $30 and lows of about $22. cyclic variation in share value is common, reflecting the clock of reporting results and dividends. However in 2008, share value did not rise supra $22 and omit below $6 in the quaternityth quarter.\r\n more than recently still, share value has fallen to an uncomparable low of $3 each. The sale of digital cameras worldwide has fallen by 4-5%, and their average retail price has fallen by 30%. Even so, the company has announced that its cash position is secure and it has plans to dwell even if the recession quells. It has high hopes that its new inkjet printers that use silicon technology rather than individual ink cartridges will ease the company into recovery. iv. Intangibles of Kodak Kodak is one of the more or less famous brands in the world. This brand, come through more than one century’s worth of innovations, cognize by most of the customers and considered as the representa tion of picture.\r\n similarly this, Kodak also holds thousands of image and chromatology patents as well as its good alliance and co-operators. Introduction of prink Analysis elevate abridgment is the examination of an organisation’s strengths and weaknesses in relation to its possible opportunities and threats. The strengths and weakness of the organisation derive from the evaluation of its national resource while the opportunities and threats depend on the assessment of its external environment. prink abstract represents an evaluation of how well the organisation utilises its resources to partner the needs of the environment in which the firm operates and competes. According to the summary of R. Lynch (Lynch, R. 1997: 262), thither have a ange of possible factors as to SWOT epitome. However, we will slew the factors related to Opportunities and Threats analysis because they have been discussed in above section. In insert 3 there have a list of the factors for Str engths and helplessnesses analysis. Apply SWOT analysis to Kodak (can be found in vermiform appendix 2) finale To making the best use of the strengths and negate or counter the weaknesses, it is a lawsuitable decision for Kodak to cumber its arm up in Traditional resource business (Part 2 of Kodak Strategic Position) and concentrate on cartel digital Imaging and Traditional Imaging as a whole (Part 3 of Kodak Strategic Position).\r\nMoreover, Intangibles and kind Resources operate as unique resources and build up Kodak’s core Competences: Reputation and onus Strengths & discern Skill in the markets Kodak operates. The application of SWOT analysis to organization as well as competitors can indicate a business its relative position in the market and again direct the firm towards grant strategies. However, SWOT itself provides no formal set of rules for strategic success, certain general guidelines may still be deprives from it. This analysis requires an g eneral understanding of both the environment and the resource capabilities, which likely will harbor the application of this analysis. 4. International marketing strategy\r\nThe level of diversity of Kodak’s business helps the company to be global and take advantage of the disparate demands of consumer nearly the world. The company must encourage further diversification of Kodak’s business in the East. Kodak’s dim movement towards digital, coupled with the still early market demands of consumers in emerging markets have bought Kodak time by allowing it to still pursue its outdated model. It can be a result of this global reach, and ability for Kodak to roam different technologies across locations that the company will insure to strengthen its balance sheet, reducing its debts, and generating more revenue enhancement in investable cash. That can happen largely ascribe to the emerging markets that may become the greatly inevitable cash-cows of Kodakâ⠂¬â„¢s business.\r\nIn fact, probably the only author why Kodak hasn’t completely dropped off the competitive landscape is due to emergent Eastern markets that offer a glimmer of hope of interim cash-flow. The key now is to recognise this reprieve and build a global strategy that can go forward to deed silver-halide technology, whilst get the rest of the firm in become to address the changed market in the West. addendum 1 One way to consider the competitive position of Kodak is by means of the Directional Policy Matrix (Thompdon, L. J. 1993). This matrix is constructed above cardinal axes: the Industry attractive force in horizontal axis and the organisation’s competitive position in vertical axis. By evaluating relevant factors of these two dimensions we can place appropriate positions for discussed organisation.   |  |Traditional Imaging |Digital Imaging | |Industry attraction | marketplace Growth | abject | spicy | | |Supplier atmospheric pressure | commencement |Low | | | node draw | utmost | postgraduate | | |Substitute Products |Low | advanced | | |Government Action |Constraint | stand-in | | |Entry Barriers |Low | luxuriously | | | free-enterprise(a) Pressure | amply |High | | hawkish Position | aspiration |High |High | | |Relative commercialise voice |High Low | | |Production Capability |High | unanimous point | | |Research and Development Record |High | speciality | | |and Strength | | | | |Financial Success |Medium |Low | | | | accessory 2 Refer to find 3, there have available resources of Kodak listed in the top and their positive effects on the factors are indicated as â€Å" * ”.\r\nViewing from each row, we can obtain an overall evaluation of the resources’ contribution to a single factor and determine whether this factor is Strength or helplessness to Kodak. Furthermore, when viewing from each column, we can even acquire the contributions of one resource to different factors. In fact, Kodak has more strengths than weaknesses in Traditional Imaging market. • It has strengths in Market control condition and Financial & silver Resource, thus there has sufficient cash provided for firm’s further activities. • It also has strength in Reputation and sum Strengths & trace Skill, which suggest Kodak maintain its advantage in Traditional Imaging market. The weakness of differentiated product of Kodak in Traditional Imaging indicates that Kodak should extent its product lines to more areas. A rational way to do so is to liquefy Traditional Imaging with Digital Imaging to generate more innovation. | | Resources |Physical | gay |Financial |Intangibles | | | | |Factors |Resource |Resource |Resource | | | | |Traditional |Market empowerment |* |* |  |* |  |Strength | |Imaging | | | | | | | |\r\nDigital Imaging |Market Dominance | | |  |* |  |Weakness | | | outcome Strengths & Key Skill | |* |  |* |  |Strength | | |Financial and C ash Resource |  |  | |  |  |Weakness | | |Reputation |  |  |  |* |  |Strength | | | secernate Products | | | | |  |Weakness | | While in Digital Imaging market, Kodak has little Strengths but more weakness. • The strength in Reputation and Core Strengths & Key Skill recommends that Kodak go by making effort in Digital Imaging for further success. • It has weakness in Market Dominance and Financial & Cash Resource, therefore Kodak still need invest more money to support its progress in Digital Imaging. The weakness of differentiated product in Digital Imaging also indicates that Kodak should combine Digital Imaging with Traditional Imaging. Seeing about the contribution of resources to factors in Figure 3, we can find that Intangibles and clement Resources represent satisfying proportions in get Kodak’s strengths. These two resources, together with other resource, build up the Threshold and Core Competence of Kodak. Appendix 3 Kodak Divisions The company’s products and services are categorized under the following different segments: Consumer photography: • Digital cameras • Software • Printer and camera docks • Online printing services • Accessories • Inkjet paper • read maker • go for CD Film & processing • Single-use cameras passe-partout products: Films: • touch transparency films: E-Family • coloration negative films • Laboratory and duplicating films • monochrome films • Advanced amateur film Papers: • schoolmaster papers and materials • Inkjet photo paper • Thermal printer media Chemistry: • Photographic chemicals Digital Products: • passe-partout digital cameras • Digital photo printers • Lab digitisation products • victor photoCD Medical imaging products: • Digital skiagraphy • Computed skiagraphy • RIS/PACS • Medical p rinting • Mammography • Oncology • Molecular imaging • alveolar consonant products Graphic communication products: Colour management and proofing • Press, plates and printing systems • Data management and storage • Document management Business and government products: • Document scanners • Reference pull in • Micrographics • Software • Microfilm & more ———————†[? ] |#%,[email protected]‹â€?? COOee? -oeYIoA? A©? ©? ©•©•? A? z? nf^fRGh? $Ah|[3mHsHh? $Ah|[3mHo([pic]sH h? $AmHsH h|[3mHsHhYfOh? $AmHo([pic]sHhYfOh? $ACJmHo([pic]sHhYfOh? $ACJmHsHh? $Ah? $AmHo([pic]sH hlVmHsHh? $Ah? $AmHsHhYfOh? $ACJmHo([pic]sHhYfOh? $ACJmHsHharAharA5? CJmHsHharAharA5? CJ(mHsHharA5? CJ(mHsHFigure 3. SWOT Analysis for Kodak Table 1. Evaluation Factors for Directional Policy Matrix\r\nKodak Case Study\r\nKODAK CASE theatre of operations SRN 1626 58 1. Summary 2. Brief Introduction a. Introduction of a Strategic Position b. Introduction of Eastman Kodak Company 3. Analysis of Strategic Position of Kodak a. Analysis of External Environment i. General Environment ii. Industry Environment iii. Competitive Environment of Kodak iv. Introduction of Directional Policy Matrix v. Apply Directional Policy Matrix to Kodak vi. Conclusion b. Internal Resource Audit i. Physical Resources of Kodak ii. Human Resources of Kodak iii. Financial Resources of Kodak iv. Intangibles of Kodak c. Introduction of SWOT Analysis i. Apply SWOT Analysis to Kodak i. Conclusion 4. International marketing and recommendations 5. Appendices 1. Executive summary This essay attempts to analyse the strategic position of Kodak through different models/tools of strategic audit. The beginning section of this essay describes the context of strategic position and introduces the background of Kodak and its strategic position in present. trio steps analysis are follow ed in act section to analyse the strategic position of Kodak: Directional Policy Matrix is applied to analyse the competitive environment of Kodak; different types of resources of Kodak are audited and listed in etail; SWOT analysis is applied to identify Kodak’s competences. with above three steps, we can acquire a clear understanding of Kodak’s strategic position. In the last section of this essay, it summarises the application of different models/tools of strategic management and international marketing, and points out the disadvantages of these models/tools as well as the recommendation of further application of them. 2. Brief Introduction a. Introduction of Strategic Position Organisations interpolate widely.\r\nSome are simple and consist of only one business while others are complex, with the group as a whole containing many businesses. whatsoever the size or complexity of organisations, they are all faced with the need to manage their survival and developme nt over the long term. â€Å"Strategy is the direction and scope of an organisation over a long term: which achieves advantages for the organisation through its configuration of resources within a changing environment, to meet the needs of markets and to fulfil stakeholders expectations. ” (Johnson, G. & Scholes, K. 1999: 10).\r\nStrategy exists at a range of levels in an organisation and includes Corporate Strategy, Business Unit Strategy and operational Strategy from higher level to lower. With a clear strategy, it is essential to manage an organisation through Strategic Management. Strategic Management combines by three interlinked components: Strategic Analysis, Strategic Choice and Strategic Implementation. In flavor at Strategic Analysis, its main aim is to attempt to understand the Strategic Position of the organisation. Strategic Choice and Strategic Implementation are the following steps of Strategic Analysis.\r\nStrategic Position of an organisation can be vi ewed in terms of its external environment, indispensable resources and competences as well as the expectations and influence of stakeholders. These factors, forming a view of the key influences on the present and future direction and scope of the organisation, assist us to analyse the development and survival of the organisation over a long term. In this essay, accordingly, we will analyse the Strategic Position of an example organisation through four aspects as following: • External Environment • Internal Resources Competences • Expectations of stakeholders b. Introduction of Eastman Kodak Company Eastman Kodak Company (Kodak), based in New York, is a major player in the world’s market for photographic and imaging products and systems. With a strategy of company’s condense on pictures, new products, a strengthening market position, and investments for growth, Kodak has experienced in traditional film and photo imaging business for more than a centu ry. As time goes by, it also suffers the threat from the overwhelming digital trend. With sales of $9. billion in 2008, the company is move to a digitally oriented growth strategy focused on the following businesses: Health †render the healthcare industry with traditional and digital image capture and output products and services; Graphic communications †offering on-demand color and black and white printing, wide-format inkjet printing, high-speed, high-volume invariable inkjet printing, as well as document scanning, output and storage products and services; Digital & Film Imaging Systems †providing consumers, professionals and cinematographers with digital and traditional products and services; and Display & Components †which designs and manufactures state-of-the-art organic light-emitting diode displays as well as other specialty materials, and delivers imaging sensors to original equipment manufacturers. 3. Analysis of strategic position of Kodak Success in innovative world requires constant innovation and change †things most of the organisation are not known very well. This environment changes so rapidly that even the best idea can fade fast. Perhaps this is the motive that environment is so important to an organisation. a. Analysis of External Environment i. General Environment Technological Environment. The inflow of technological advancements into the photographic marketplace has presented the industry with a unique set of challenges and possibilities.\r\nTechnological discoveries and enhancements have hastened the growth of the traditional silver-halide market. In addition, with the onset of digital technology, the industry is faced with chance to expand its business through venturing more into digital imaging which is currently displace forth enticing opportunities. On the downside, considering the electronic nature of the products offered in line with digital imaging (eg. scanners, printers, etc. ), entry of potential competitors, particularly from the electronics group who may have equally competent resources and capabilities, is still at a height. As a result, the structure of the industry may be altered. Socio-Cultural Environment.\r\nWith society’s change magnitude awareness over environmental preservation, possible tab in the growth of the players in the industry is present. The film marketed by these companies, as an example, are currently box in plastic non-biodegradable tube cases. As a response to environmental concerns and grievances, repackaging using nature-friendly materials may be ensued. This also holds true with single-use cameras (SUCs) which is primarily composed of plastic non-biodegradable materials. Here, companies may either reduce its margin or impose higher prices over its products in repackaging its products to be environmental-friendly brought by a possible increase in its end product cost. The market’s culture may also impede the entry of glo bal industry players.\r\nAs an example, with Japan’s resistance to westbound influence and its society’s higher tasting over locally made products, foreign industry players would most likely have difficulty in penetrating in this geographical segment. In addition, with the fact ascertained that photographic products are usually used in instances of special occasions (eg. weddings, birthdays, holidays, fiestas, etc. ), system of celebration of these occasions would deeply affect the demand of the products. Economic Environment. The global scale of the photographic market presents some threats to its core business. Sales in its geographical segments would generally differ according to a inelegant’s economic state. Sluggish economy or economies under recession decrease sales as a result of delayed spending on leisure goods.\r\nIn addition to the state of the economy, duty and foreign trade laws may render leisure good spending in lull brought by higher prices a s a result of the duties impose on the goods. Tourism economy, as a whole, has a direct effect on the industry. As the number of tourists decrease, usage of photographic materials would most likely decrease demand. Legal or Political Environment. Legal influences may hamper the growth of some players in the industry. antitrust laws, for example, may limit expansion of industry players through its provisions. On the brighter side, however, this may protect the position of a company in the market. Foreign laws, in addition, in its move to protect local firms, may foil the entry of global producers in its market.\r\nFurthermore, patent and branded rights laws would deter firms to expand, venture, and produce patented products. ii. Industry Environment Threat of New Entrants. With great barriers, the threat of new entrants in the industry is at a low level. This is brought about by the sizeable investment required in procuring manufacturing equipments for a potential entrant. Due t o narrow margins, manufacturers need to rely on mass production in order to take advantage of economies of scale. This keeps start-up costs high, making it difficult for new entrants to the market. Furthermore, marketing costs are also high for these entrants for it to be able to topple down existing players or even penetrate the market.\r\nThis is in view of the current industry players, which if characterized, are established and successfully positioned in the market obtaining brand loyalty. Also, with the length of these companies’ operations in mind, they have been riding down the experience curve; as a result, economies of scale and cost advantage have already been achieved. In addition, prospecting players must introduce into the market differentiated products that are more enhanced than that offered by existing players, which would require it to spend a substantial amount in research and development projects. However, with the emerged digital imaging in view, the risk posed by potential industry entrants may be shifted from a low level to a moderate one.\r\nThis is in view, as stated in the earlier part, of the electronic nature of some products offered by the digital imaging technology which has the possibility of attracting electronic companies who may ingest capabilities and competencies that could equal or even exceed that of the current industry players. Rivalry among Established Competitors. Firms under the photographic industry operate in an oligopolistic environment were a few(prenominal) of the member firms share dominance such as Eastman Kodak, Samsung, Sony, Fuji Films and Canon. Competition among these firms is at a tempestuous level given the fact of its slow-growth particularly in the traditional photography. Here, with demand conditions at a moderate level of progress, firms closely compete to capture and increase market share through price wars. slide by barriers within the industry are at a high level as well add to the inte nse rivalry among industry players. Bargaining Power of Buyers.\r\nThe influence set forth by the buyers in the industry is at a moderate degree. though products offered by the firms in the industry have deliver the goods brand loyalty, cost advantage and economies of scale and has a lesser threat of substitute products, still, firms are laboured by buyers to bargain for lower prices by the sum of money of their purchase. In addition, with price wars evident among industry players, buyers take advantage on playing off with these firms to obtain cheaper costs or even present a threat of providing for a lesser shelf space. In b2b area some buyers can manage procurement through agencies that purchase on behalf of groups or organizations to secure competitive pricing through greater purchasing power.\r\nSuch complex arrangements can sometimes create long lead times from tendering to delivery and that negatively affects company’s financial indicator, for example, cash flow. Bar gaining Power of Suppliers. The pressure exerted by the suppliers over the firms in the industry is at a low degree. However, the production process requires diverse inputs, materials and processes, giving sometimes the suppliers increase power. Silver, for example, a major raw material in the industry is widely available. It is evidenced with the fact that in the past years, no direct relationship can be established that price of the commodity has been affected by fluctuations in the availability and price of raw materials. In fact, the photographic industry consumes about quarter of the global demand for silver.\r\nFurthermore, with the high level of availability of packaging materials, in this case plastic tubes and canisters, and boxes, dicker power of suppliers is at a lesser scale. Threat of Substitute Products. Mobile phones, as they increase in power and sophistication, present the biggest challenge to the cheaper end of the market for photographic equipment. However, despi te this, digital cameras and camcorders are still regarded as the preferred devices for taking quality pictures. iii. Competitive Environment of Kodak The external environment of Kodak is complex. As Kodak is way on imaging business, this market is the vital market for it.\r\nIn digital age, more and more activities are related to digital means, same as more and more business are derived from digital technologies. Digital trend, indeed, is a long-term threat to one of Kodak’s business †silver print. At the beginning ? 2000s experts disagreed over how long it will take for digital imaging to start shrinking the worldwide traditional imaging market, but that day is already has come. Kodak operates in a number of different markets, including photographic equipment, film, electronic consumer goods, computer science systems and printing. Consequently, it competes with general and specialised manufacturers and retailers across the range of its products and services. Its main competitors can be found in Appendix 1. iv.\r\nIntroduction of Directional Policy Matrix ( (can be found in appendix 1) v. Apply Directional Policy Matrix to Kodak With detailed evaluation factors list in Table 1, we will find that Kodak has strong competitive strength in its core business of traditional imaging but this industry is around unattractive and average. On the other hand, digital imaging business is a promising market though Kodak is under intense competitive pressure every(prenominal) step of its way to the digital world. Based on aforementioned factors, we can draw up two pie charts in the matrix representing the Traditional Imaging market and Digital Imaging market as well as Kodak’s market share (Refer to Figure 1).\r\nConsequently, we can draw out the professional comments on these markets from the Directional Policy Matrix. For Digital Imaging market, Kodak should â€Å"invest to retain market share as industry grows” or even set it as â€Å"prior ity products and service”. While for Traditional Imaging market, â€Å"invest selectively to maximize cash generation” maybe is the best choice to be selected. [pic] Figure 1. Directional Policy Matrix for Kodak (based on the Directional Policy Matrix of Shell) vi. Conclusion As mentioned above, it can be easily understood why Kodak selected Digital Imaging as its key business in present and in future whilst maintain its investment on the traditional Imaging market.\r\nIt is apparent that Directional Policy Matrix provides a useful method to direct managers’ attention to key forces in the competitive environment, and brings forward questions about appropriate strategies for different business units and the portfolio as a whole. However, it should be kept in mind that the effectiveness of this approach depends on the precise information of a competitive nature between competitors in the market. Moreover, the procurement of the information in depth is not always s traightforward. b. Internal Resource Audit lucky strategies depend not only on the analysis and understanding of external environment, but also the internal resources the organisation owns.\r\nAnalysing the internal resources of the organisation involves both drawing up a list of the main resources and utiliseation of the way the organisation operates. According to G. Johnson & K. Scholes’ classification (1999), internal resources can be grouped as following: • Physical Resources • Human Resources • Financial Resources • Intangibles As a multination company, Kodak owns huge resources to support its worldwide operation. According to above classification, we can identify the resources separately. i. Physical Resource of Kodak Kodak has its forcible resources spread all over the world which include factories, laboratories, offices, land, building and equipments etc. ii. Human Resource of Kodak\r\nAt the end of 2006 Kodak employed 40,900 people ( full-time equivalent) of which 20,600 were based in the US. However, this was at the start of a major restructuring computer program and employee numbers have been reduced significantly. In 2008, its number headcount had fallen to 24,400. In January 2009, it announced the loss of 4,500 more jobs when it posted a quarterly loss. inwardly these staff, there have great majority of splendid experts and skilled technicians as well as experienced marketers, salesmen, accountants and the repository of many kinds of professionals. iii. Financial Resources of Kodak The results reported in Kodak’s 2006 Annual Report showed remarkable advances towards achieving its ambitions.\r\nIn comparison with the previous year, digital earnings increase from $72 million to $343 million, while digital revenue grew by $316 million. Cash generation was an important thoughtfulness for Kodak, since it had started 2006 with debts of $3,583 million and had to find over $500 million for restructuring costs. In that year, it managed to reduce its debts by $805 million. However, just as Kodak appeared to have made the transition to world attracter in the digital market, the world economy took a nosedive, leaving the organisation fighting for survival. The results in 2008 revealed a fall in sales for the third year in a row and an overall operational loss of $442 million.\r\nIn anticipation of the recession, Kodak made a number of changes to its structure and operations to help vacate the worst effects. Worse was yet to come. In 2009, sales fell by 24% in the quarter January to March, and a further 29% in the following quarter April to June. Kodak is predicting losses of up to $400 million and has already reduced its cash reserves by 39% to $1. 31 billion. The highest and lowest ordinary share values are tracked and reported on a quarterly basis in the 2008 Annual Report. In 2007, the shares were enjoying highs of around $30 and lows of about $22. alternating(prenominal) variat ion in share value is common, reflecting the time of reporting results and dividends. However in 2008, share value did not rise above $22 and fell below $6 in the fourth quarter.\r\nMore recently still, share value has fallen to an all-time low of $3 each. The sale of digital cameras worldwide has fallen by 4-5%, and their average retail price has fallen by 30%. Even so, the company has announced that its cash position is secure and it has plans to sound even if the recession continues. It has high hopes that its new inkjet printers that use silicon technology rather than individual ink cartridges will ease the company into recovery. iv. Intangibles of Kodak Kodak is one of the most famous brands in the world. This brand, come through more than one century’s worth of innovations, known by most of the customers and considered as the representation of picture.\r\n besides this, Kodak also holds thousands of image and chromatology patents as well as its good alliance and co-op erators. Introduction of SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis is the examination of an organisation’s strengths and weaknesses in relation to its possible opportunities and threats. The strengths and weakness of the organisation derive from the evaluation of its internal resource while the opportunities and threats depend on the assessment of its external environment. SWOT analysis represents an evaluation of how well the organisation utilises its resources to twain the needs of the environment in which the firm operates and competes. According to the summary of R. Lynch (Lynch, R. 1997: 262), there have a ange of possible factors as to SWOT analysis. However, we will switch off the factors related to Opportunities and Threats analysis because they have been discussed in above section. In Figure 3 there have a list of the factors for Strengths and Weaknesses analysis. Apply SWOT analysis to Kodak (can be found in Appendix 2) Conclusion To making the best use of the strengths and neg ate or counter the weaknesses, it is a reasonable decision for Kodak to maintain its progress in Traditional Imaging business (Part 2 of Kodak Strategic Position) and concentrate on combining Digital Imaging and Traditional Imaging as a whole (Part 3 of Kodak Strategic Position).\r\nMoreover, Intangibles and Human Resources operate as unique resources and build up Kodak’s Core Competences: Reputation and Core Strengths & Key Skill in the markets Kodak operates. The application of SWOT analysis to organization as well as competitors can indicate a business its relative position in the market and again direct the firm towards appropriate strategies. However, SWOT itself provides no formal set of rules for strategic success, certain general guidelines may in time be deprives from it. This analysis requires an overall understanding of both the environment and the resource capabilities, which likely will restrain the application of this analysis. 4. International marketing s trategy\r\nThe level of diversity of Kodak’s business helps the company to be global and take advantage of the disparate demands of consumer around the world. The company must encourage further diversification of Kodak’s business in the East. Kodak’s slow movement towards digital, coupled with the still early market demands of consumers in emerging markets have bought Kodak time by allowing it to still pursue its outdated model. It can be a result of this global reach, and ability for Kodak to duet different technologies across locations that the company will continue to strengthen its balance sheet, reducing its debts, and generating more revenue in investable cash. That can happen largely ascribe to the emerging markets that may become the greatly indispensable cash-cows of Kodak’s business.\r\nIn fact, probably the only reason why Kodak hasn’t completely dropped off the competitive landscape is due to emergent Eastern markets that offer a gli mmer of hope of interim cash-flow. The key now is to recognise this reprieve and build a global strategy that can continue to exploit silver-halide technology, whilst getting the rest of the firm in term to address the changed market in the West. Appendix 1 One way to consider the competitive position of Kodak is by means of the Directional Policy Matrix (Thompdon, L. J. 1993). This matrix is constructed above two axes: the Industry Attractiveness in horizontal axis and the organisation’s competitive position in vertical axis. By evaluating relevant factors of these two dimensions we can place appropriate positions for discussed organisation.   |  |Traditional Imaging |Digital Imaging | |Industry Attractiveness |Market Growth |Low |High | | |Supplier Pressure |Low |Low | | | guest Pressure |High |High | | |Substitute Products |Low |High | | |Government Action |Constraint | stand | | |Entry Barriers |Low |High | | |Competitive Pressure |High |High | |Competitive Positio n |Competition |High |High | | |Relative Market trade |High Low | | |Production Capability |High |Medium | | |Research and Development Record |High |Medium | | |and Strength | | | | |Financial Success |Medium |Low | | | | Appendix 2 Refer to Figure 3, there have available resources of Kodak listed in the top and their positive effects on the factors are indicated as â€Å" * ”.\r\nViewing from each row, we can obtain an overall evaluation of the resources’ contribution to a single factor and determine whether this factor is Strength or Weakness to Kodak. Furthermore, when viewing from each column, we can even acquire the contributions of one resource to different factors. In fact, Kodak has more strengths than weaknesses in Traditional Imaging market. • It has strengths in Market Dominance and Financial & Cash Resource, thus there has sufficient cash provided for firm’s further activities. • It also has strength in Reputation and Core Strength s & Key Skill, which suggest Kodak maintain its advantage in Traditional Imaging market. The weakness of differentiated product of Kodak in Traditional Imaging indicates that Kodak should extent its product lines to more areas. A rational way to do so is to combine Traditional Imaging with Digital Imaging to generate more innovation. | | Resources |Physical |Human |Financial |Intangibles | | | | |Factors |Resource |Resource |Resource | | | | |Traditional |Market Dominance |* |* |  |* |  |Strength | |Imaging | | | | | | | |\r\nDigital Imaging |Market Dominance | | |  |* |  |Weakness | | |Core Strengths & Key Skill | |* |  |* |  |Strength | | |Financial and Cash Resource |  |  | |  |  |Weakness | | |Reputation |  |  |  |* |  |Strength | | | identify Products | | | | |  |Weakness | | While in Digital Imaging market, Kodak has little Strengths but more weakness. • The strength in Reputation and Core Strengths & Key Skill recommends that Kodak continue making effort in Digital Imaging for further success. • It has weakness in Market Dominance and Financial & Cash Resource, therefore Kodak still need invest more money to support its progress in Digital Imaging. The weakness of differentiated product in Digital Imaging also indicates that Kodak should combine Digital Imaging with Traditional Imaging. Seeing about the contribution of resources to factors in Figure 3, we can find that Intangibles and Human Resources represent substantial proportions in getting Kodak’s strengths. These two resources, together with other resource, build up the Threshold and Core Competence of Kodak. Appendix 3 Kodak Divisions The company’s products and services are categorized under the following different segments: Consumer photography: • Digital cameras • Software • Printer and camera docks • Online printing services • Accessories • Inkjet paper • Picture maker • Picture CD Film & processing • Single-use cameras Professional products: Films: • Colour transparency films: E-Family • Colour negative films • Laboratory and duplicating films • written language films • Advanced amateur film Papers: • Professional papers and materials • Inkjet photo paper • Thermal printer media Chemistry: • Photographic chemicals Digital Products: • Professional digital cameras • Digital photo printers • Lab digitisation products • Professional photoCD Medical imaging products: • Digital radiography • Computed radiography • RIS/PACS • Medical printing • Mammography • Oncology • Molecular imaging • alveolar products Graphic communication products: Colour management and proofing • Press, plates and printing systems • Data management and storage • Document management Business and government product s: • Document scanners • Reference archive • Micrographics • Software • Microfilm & more ———————†[? ] |#%,[email protected]‹â€?? COOee? -oeYIoA? A©? ©? ©•©•? A? z? nf^fRGh? $Ah|[3mHsHh? $Ah|[3mHo([pic]sH h? $AmHsH h|[3mHsHhYfOh? $AmHo([pic]sHhYfOh? $ACJmHo([pic]sHhYfOh? $ACJmHsHh? $Ah? $AmHo([pic]sH hlVmHsHh? $Ah? $AmHsHhYfOh? $ACJmHo([pic]sHhYfOh? $ACJmHsHharAharA5? CJmHsHharAharA5? CJ(mHsHharA5? CJ(mHsHFigure 3. SWOT Analysis for Kodak Table 1. Evaluation Factors for Directional Policy Matrix\r\n'